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Subtropical climate: Trade winds and low clouds Contents 6.1 Trade wind climate 139 6.2 Cloud-regime transition 143 6.3 Climate feedback 148 6.3.1 Cloud-SST feedback 148 6.3.2 Global radiative feedback 153 6.4 California climate 154 6.4.1 Coastal upwelling 154 6.4.2 Atmospheric rivers 156 6.4.3 Hydroclimate 158 Review questions 162In the lower branch of the Hadley circulation, air moves equatorward and gains an easterly wind component because of the Coriolis force. The easterly trade winds are subject to surface friction, do not conserve angular momentum, and are about 7 to 8 m/s in surface speed over the subtropical oceans. A belt of surface high pressure forms in the subtropics as air is being displaced poleward (Fig. .1) from the tropical rain bands in the upper troposphere (see Fig. .18). The trade winds are in geostrophic balance with the pressure gradient between the subtropical high and equatorial low along the major rain bands. The easterly trades prevail in all seasons and over all the tropical oceans, except for the summer North Indian Ocean that is dominated by the southwesterly monsoon. The northeast and southeast trades converge onto the intertropical convergence zone

Author

Shang-Ping Xie

Publisher

Elsevier - Health Sciences Division

Published

2024

Language

EN

ISBN

9780323954907