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Impact of Smoking on Periodontal Disease by abdikaniaden32 is a document available to read on EtoBox.
Smoking significantly increases the risk and severity of periodontal disease, leading to advanced gum disease and destruction of supporting structures. It affects gingivitis by reducing inflammation but increases harmful bacteria associated with periodontitis, resulting in deeper pockets, attachment loss, and bone loss. Additionally, smoking impairs the immune response and healing processes, making periodontal treatments less effective.
- Author
- abdikaniaden32
- Language
- EN