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Global Analyses of Sea Surface Temperature, Sea Ice, and Night Marine Air Temperature Since the Late Nineteenth Century by N. A. Rayner; D. E. Parker; E. B. Horton; C. K. Folland; L. V. Alexander; D. P. Rowell; E. C. Kent; A. Kaplan is a Earth and Planetary Sciences article available to read on EtoBox.

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We present the Met Office Hadley Centre's sea ice and sea surface temperature (SST) data set, HadISST1, and the nighttime marine air temperature (NMAT) data set, HadMAT1. HadISST1 replaces the global sea ice and sea surface temperature (GISST) data sets and is a unique combination of monthly globally complete fields of SST and sea ice concentration on a 1° latitude‐longitude grid from 1871. The companion HadMAT1 runs monthly from 1856 on a 5° latitude‐longitude grid and incorporates new corrections for the effect on NMAT of increasing deck (and hence measurement) heights. HadISST1 and HadMAT1 temperatures are reconstructed using a two‐stage reduced‐space optimal interpolation procedure, followed by superposition of quality‐improved gridded observations onto the reconstructions to restore local detail. The sea ice fields are made more homogeneous by compensating satellite microwave‐based sea ice concentrations for the impact of surface melt effects on retrievals in the Arctic and for algorithm deficiencies in the Antarctic and by making the historical in situ concentrations consistent with the satellite data. SSTs near sea ice are estimated using statistical relationships between SS

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Author

N. A. Rayner; D. E. Parker; E. B. Horton; C. K. Folland; L. V. Alexander; D. P. Rowell; E. C. Kent; A. Kaplan

Publisher

American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Published

2003

Language

EN

Field

Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)