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Of tests, trochs, shells, and spicules: Development of the basal mollusk Wirenia argentea (Solenogastres) and its bearing on the evolution of trochozoan larval key features by Christiane Todt; Andreas Wanninger is a Environmental Science article available to read on EtoBox.

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## Background: The phylogenetic status of the aplacophoran mollusk taxon solenogastres (neomeniomorpha) is controversially discussed. some authors propose the clade to represent the most basal branch within mollusca, while others claim aplacophoran mollusks (solenogastres and caudofoveata) to be derived. larval characters are central in these discussions, specifically the larval test (calymma, apical cap), the ontogeny of the epidermal scleritome, and the proposed absence of larval protonephridia. to date, developmental data are available for five solenogaster species, but most reports are incomplete and need confirmation. ## Results: Wirenia argentea deposit small batches of uncleaved embryos that are tightly enclosed by a smooth and transparent egg hull. cleavage is spiral and unequal. the ciliated larvae hatch about 45 hours after deposition and swim actively in the water column. within 48-60 hours after hatching they become mushroom-shaped with a pronounced apical cap partly enclosing a posterior trunk. the cells covering the apical cap are large and cleavage arrested. on the apical cap there is a prominent prototrochal band of compound cilia and an apical ciliary tuft and the

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Author

Christiane Todt; Andreas Wanninger

Publisher

BioMed Central; Springer (Biomed Central Ltd.); [London]: BioMed Central, 2004-; Springer Science and Business Media LLC (ISSN 1742-9994)

Published

2010

Language

EN

Field

Environmental Science (Life Sciences)