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Achalasia is a motility disorder characterized by failure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LOS) to relax during swallowing. It is caused by loss of ganglion cells in the esophageal myenteric plexus. Classic symptoms include dysphagia for both solids and liquids. Investigations show a dilated esophagus with food residue and abnormal manometry findings. Treatment options include botulinum toxin injection, pneumatic dilation, and Heller myotomy with fundoplication to surgically cut the LOS muscle. Secondary

Author

Albash Sarwar

Language

EN