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Production of low trans-fat margarine by partial hydrogenation of palm oil using nature-friendly and catalyst-free microwav ... 1 1 Introduction 1 2 Materials and methods 2 2.1 Palm oil and chemical substances 2 2.2 Reactor and MW plasma generating system 3 2.3 Identification of plasma spectrum 3 2.4 Hydrogenation of palm oil 3 2.5 Analytical methods 3 2.5.1 IV, AV, and PV analysis 3 2.5.2 Slip melting point (SMP) 3 2.5.3 Texture analysis 3 2.5.4 Fatty acids profile 3 2.6 Statistical analysis 3 3 Results and discussion 4 3.1 Plasma spectrum 4 3.2 Optimal parameters for partial hydrogenation of palm oil 4 3.2.1 Effect of H2 flow rate on IV 4 3.2.2 Effect of MW power on IV 4 3.2.3 Effect of reaction temperature on IV 5 3.2.4 Effect of negative high voltage on IV 5 3.2.5 Effect of reaction time on IV 5 3.3 Characterization of optimal hydrogenated palm oil 6 3.3.1 Slip melting point (SMP) 6 3.3.2 Texture of hydrogenated oil product 6 3.3.3 Fatty acid composition 7 3.4 Proposed hydrogenation mechanism by microwave plasma 8 4 Conclusions 8 CRediT authorship contribution statement 8 Declaration of Competing Interest 9 Acknowledgments 9 References 9
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Common subject areas: history, science, philosophy, social sciences.
- Language
- EN
- Category
- nonfiction