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Heavy metals contamination, potential pathways and risks along the Indus Drainage System of Pakistan by Kifayatullah Khan; Muhammad Younas; Hafiz Muhammad Adeel Sharif; Chenchen Wang; Muhammad Yaseen; Xianghui Cao; Yunqiao Zhou; Sobhy M. Ibrahim; Baninla Yvette; Yonglong Lu is a Environmental Science article available to read on EtoBox.

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Riverine water exposed to heavy metals (HMs) pollution is a major concern in the world because of its serious effects on ecosystem and human health. This study assessed the pollution status, sources, diffusion and potential risks of Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, Hg and Pb for the first time along the entire Indus Drainage System of Pakistan. The concentrations of nine HMs in the riverine water ranged from 5.05–101.59 μg/L with a mean value of 41.51 μg/L. The overall metals quantification along the drainage was significantly high (27% of the total) in River Chenab followed by River Indus (26%) > Soan (20%) > Ravi (19%) > Kabul (5%) > Swat (3%). The potential sources of contamination were identified to be the surrounding geogenic activities, industrial/municipal wastewater discharges, agricultural and surface runoffs by using multivariate statistics including metals correlation analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The average mass flux of ∑HMs in the entire drainage was approximately 10.24 tons/year, to which the River Indus contributed 84% of the total, Chenab 11%, Ravi 3%, Kabul 1%, and Soan 1% with more prevalence of biological essential (Zn&Mn)

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Author

Kifayatullah Khan; Muhammad Younas; Hafiz Muhammad Adeel Sharif; Chenchen Wang; Muhammad Yaseen; Xianghui Cao; Yunqiao Zhou; Sobhy M. Ibrahim; Baninla Yvette; Yonglong Lu

Publisher

Elsevier BV

Published

2022

Language

EN

Field

Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)