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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations of Mn-oxide rich cathodic material from spent disposable alkaline batteries by Mark P.S. Krekeler is a Environmental Science article available to read on EtoBox.

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques were used to investigate the spent cathodic material of a single common brand of disposable alkaline batteries. Mn-oxide particles are anhedral and irregular in shape and compose an estimated 99-95% of the <10 lm size fraction of sample material. Diameters of particles vary widely and typically are between 50 nm and 3 lm; however, most particles are approximately 200-400 nm in diameter. Chemical composition varies for Mn-oxide particles with concentrations being SiO 2 (0.00-1.52 wt%), TiO 2 (0.49-4.58 wt%), MnO (65.85-92.06 wt%), ZnO (1.00-7.53 wt%), K 2 O (4.97-20.48 wt%) and SO 3 (0.43-2.21 wt%). Discrete prismatic zinc crystals occur and vary from a maximum of approximately 0.8 lm long • 0.15 lm wide, to 100 nm long • 20 nm wide. Titanium metal was also observed in samples and composes approximately 0.25-1.0% of the <10 lm size fraction of sample material. Results of this study suggest that battery components may be recycled in some special applications. Examples are low energy-low material requirement products such as paint pigments and Zn nanoparticles. This investigation provides detailed constraints on the nature of spent cat

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Author

Mark P.S. Krekeler

Publisher

Elsevier Science; Elsevier ; Elsevier Ltd.; Elsevier BV (ISSN 0956-053X)

Published

2008

Language

EN

Field

Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)