About this document
First Topographic Map History by Gilang Giandi is a document available to read on EtoBox.
The document summarizes the evolution of topographic mapping techniques used by the USGS from the late 19th century to modern times. It describes early field-based surveying methods and the transition to photogrammetry. Key developments included the adoption of stereophotogrammetry, automation using computers and digital data, and the production of digital outputs like orthophotos and DEMs that helped enable GIS. Many innovations, like new instrumentation, were developed by USGS employees to advance the map
- Author
- Gilang Giandi
- Language
- EN