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Sedative Hypnotics by Domenic A. Ciraulo; Mark Oldham is a book available to read on EtoBox.

What is Sedative Hypnotics about?

The modern history of sedative hypnotics began with barbital, which was introduced in 1903, and later phenobarbital in 1912. In the mid-1930s, Sternbach synthesized several heptoxdiazines, although it wasn't until 1955 when one of these quinazolines was treated with methylamine that an active compound was developed. In 1957, the compound chlordiazepoxide was found to have hypnotic, sedative, and muscle-relaxing effects. The benzodiazepines provided advantages over the older barbiturates because they were less toxic in overdose and had fewer drug interactions. In addition, they had superior efficacy and safety compared to meprobamate, which was introduced as a tranquilizer in 1955. Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics have been the most recent addition and may offer some advantages of lower risk tolerance and perhaps lower abuse liability although clinical experience is insufficient to make definitive judgments.Almost all sedative-hypnotics in clinical use exert their primary pharmacodynamics effects in the GABA system, the major inhibitory system in the CNS. Recent studies have revealed important differences in the activity on GABA and the glutamate system among various agents. GABA-A recep

Author

Domenic A. Ciraulo; Mark Oldham

Publisher

Elsevier

Published

2014

Language

EN