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Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE) and the role of complement system in disease pathogenesis by Swapna Thomas; Maria K. Smatti; Allal Ouhtit; Farhan S. Cyprian; Muna A. Almaslamani; Asmaa Al Thani; Hadi M. Yassine is a scholarly article available to read on EtoBox.

Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) has been associated with severe disease outcomes in several viral infections, including respiratory infections. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that antibody-response to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV could exacerbate infection via ADE. Recently in SARS CoV-2, the in vitro studies and structural analysis shows a risk of disease severity via ADE. This phenomenon is partially attributed to non-neutralizing antibodies or antibodies at sub-neutralizing levels. These antibodies result in antigen-antibody complexes' deposition and propagation of a chronic inflammatory process that destroys affected tissues. Further, antigen-antibody complexes may enhance the internalization of the virus into cells through the Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) and lead to further virus replication. Thus, ADE occur via two mechanisms; 1. Antibody mediated replication and 2. Enhanced immune activation. Antibody-mediated effector functions are mainly driven by complement activation, and the first complement in the cascade is complement 1q (C1q) which binds to the virus-antibody complex. Reports say that deficiency in circulating plasma levels of C1q, an independent predictor of mortali

Author

Swapna Thomas; Maria K. Smatti; Allal Ouhtit; Farhan S. Cyprian; Muna A. Almaslamani; Asmaa Al Thani; Hadi M. Yassine

Publisher

Elsevier BV

Published

2022

Language

EN