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Revealing the Sodium Storage Mechanisms in Hard Carbon Pores by Luis Kitsu Iglesias; Emma N. Antonio; Tristan D. Martinez; Liang Zhang; Zengqing Zhuo; Steven J. Weigand; Jinghua Guo; Michael F. Toney is a Engineering article available to read on EtoBox.

What is Revealing the Sodium Storage Mechanisms in Hard Carbon Pores about?

## Abstract Hard carbon (HC) is the most promising anode for the commercialization of sodium‐ion batteries (NIBs); however, a general mechanism for sodium storage in HC remains unclear, obstructing the development of highly efficient anodes for NIBs. To elucidate the mechanism of sodium storage in the pores, operando synchrotron small‐angle X‐ray scattering, wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, X‐ray absorption near edge structure, Raman spectroscopy, and galvanostatic measurements are combined. The multimodal approach provides mechanistic insights into the sodium pore‐filling process for different HC microstructures including the pore sizes that are preferentially filled, the extent to which different pore sizes are filled, and how the defect concentration influences pore filling. It is observed that sodium in the larger pores has an increased pseudo‐metallic sodium character consistent with larger sodium clusters. Furthermore, it is shown that the HCs prepared at higher pyrolysis temperatures have a larger capacity from sodium stored in the pores and that sodium intercalation between graphene layers occurs simultaneously with the pore filling in the plateau region. Opportunities are outl

Who reads Revealing the Sodium Storage Mechanisms in Hard Carbon Pores?

Author

Luis Kitsu Iglesias; Emma N. Antonio; Tristan D. Martinez; Liang Zhang; Zengqing Zhuo; Steven J. Weigand; Jinghua Guo; Michael F. Toney

Publisher

Wiley

Published

2023

Field

Engineering (Physical Sciences)