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What is Ummayad about?

Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan implemented significant reforms that centralized the Umayyad Caliphate, strengthening political authority, military organization, and economic independence. He introduced Arabic as the official language, established an independent currency, and promoted Islamic legitimacy through construction projects. His policies maintained Arab dominance while fostering resentment among non-Arab Muslims, ultimately shaping the future of the Caliphate.

Author

Junaid Anwar

Language

EN