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Judeo-Spanish language-maintenance efforts in the United States by ARLENE MALINOWSKI is a Social Sciences article available to read on EtoBox.

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## Background The Jews who were expelled from Spain by an edict of the Catholic monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella in 1492 sought refuge in communities throughout the world. These exiles and their descendants are known as the Sephardim; 1 their history presents a truly unique case of language and culture maintenance which spans almost half a millennium. A large number of the exiles, received graciously by Sultan Bayazid II, settled in the Ottoman Empire where, under tolerant Turkish rule, they preserved the language and customs of their homeland. Urban dwellers for the most part, the Sephardim engaged in business, manufacture, and trade, and thriving centers of Sephardic life sprung up in Constantinople (Istanbul), Smyrna (Izmir), Salonica, and Rhodes. 2 The multiethnic, multicultural Ottoman Empire readily accepted, even encouraged, the autonomy of linguistic minorities. As one such minority, the Spanish-speaking Jews lived in their own separate neighborhoods, established and staffed their own schools, and, by and large unmolested, observed and enforced their own precepts and ordinances. There was consequently little necessity for them to learn Turkish, and the majority did not maste

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Author

ARLENE MALINOWSKI

Published

1983

Field

Social Sciences