Can I read Exit, voice, and loyalty;: Responses to decline in firms, organizations, and states on EtoBox?

Exit, voice, and loyalty;: Responses to decline in firms, organizations, and states by Albert O Hirschman; American Council of Learned Societies is a philosophy book available to read on EtoBox.

What is Exit, voice, and loyalty;: Responses to decline in firms, organizations, and states about?

An innovator in contemporary thought on economic and political development looks here at decline rather than growth. Albert O. Hirschman makes a basic distinction between alternative ways of reacting to deterioration in business firms and, in general, to dissatisfaction with organizations: one, "exit," is for the member to quit the organization or for the customer to switch to the competing product, and the other, "voice," is for members or customers to agitate and exert influence for change "from within." The efficiency of the competitive mechanism, with its total reliance on exit, is questioned for certain important situations. As exit often undercuts voice while being unable to counteract decline, loyalty is seen in the function of retarding exit and of permitting voice to play its proper role. The interplay of the three concepts turns out to illuminate a wide range of economic, social, and political phenomena. As the author states in the preface, "having found my own unifying way of looking at issues as diverse as competition and the two-party system, divorce and the American character, black power and the failure of 'unhappy' top officials to resign over Vietnam, I decided t

Who reads Exit, voice, and loyalty;: Responses to decline in firms, organizations, and states?

Author

Albert O Hirschman; American Council of Learned Societies

Publisher

Harvard University Press : Distributed by Oxford University Press

Published

1970

Language

EN

ISBN

9780674276604

Category

philosophy

Subjects

Sociology, Fiction, Economics

Rating

4.1 / 5 (470 ratings)

Updated

2026-03-14