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What is Biological Nitrogen Fixation about?

This leads to volatile nitrogen forms (e.g., N 2 O or N 2 ), which are lost to the atmosphere. Another widespread process which contributes substantially to the loss of fixed nitrogen as N 2 in different natural environments has recently been discovered. This process is the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) performed by chemoautotrophic bacteria ("anammox" bacteria, such as Brocadia anammoxidans and Scalindua spp.) that derive energy for growth from oxidation of NH 4 þ to N 2 in complete absence of oxygen using nitrite as electron acceptor: In natural ecosystems, the recovery of nitrogen, necessary to satisfy the nutritional demands of the inhabiting organisms, occurs through biological nitrogen fixation (Figure 1). This event is of capital importance and consists in the reduction of molecular nitrogen (N 2 ) to ammonia (NH 3 ), providing the Earth's ecosystems with about 200 milion tons N per year. It has been estimated that the 80-90% of the nitrogen available to plants in natural ecosystems originates from biological nitrogen fixation. ## Nitrogen-Fixing Organisms Nitrogen constitutes almost 80% of the atmosphere, but is metabolically inaccessible to plants due to the excep

Author

N. Rascio; N. La Rocca

Publisher

Elsevier

Published

2013

Language

EN