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What is DNA Replication, Repair, and Mutagenesis about?

Key Points 1. General features of DNA replication are: a. DNA replication is semi-conservative; b. DNA replication is bidirectional; c. DNA replication is semi-discontinuous. 2. Enzymes in DNA replication include: a. DNA polymerases' multiple activities: polymerization of nucleotides, proofreading 3 0 to 5 0 exonuclease, and 5 0 to 3 0 exonuclease activity for DNA repair and nick translation; b. The reverse transcriptase enzyme can synthesize DNA from an RNA template; c. DNA gyrase and helicase catalyze unwinding of DNA supercoils and double helices; d. Primases are RNA polymerases and synthesize a short piece of primer sequence required by DNA polymerases to replicate DNA molecules; e. DNA ligase is required to seal the nicks in doublestranded DNA; f. Telomerases are required to extend telomere structure of eukaryotic linear DNA sequences of chromosomes in certain types of cells. 3. Three major stages of DNA replication are initiation, elongation, and termination. Initiation of DNA replication occurs at specific sites called origins in prokaryotes. Initiation of eukaryotic DNA replication occurs at multiple initiation sites. Elongation of DNA replication proceeds in two opposite d

Author

N.V. Bhagavan; Chung-Eun Ha

Publisher

Elsevier

Published

2015

Language

ID