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Unit 4 PDF by flawless4keditx is a document available to read on EtoBox.

Water is not always pure due to the presence of dissolved salts, particularly calcium and magnesium, which cause hardness. Hard water is defined by its inability to lather with soap and can be classified into temporary and permanent hardness, with different treatment methods required for each. Treatment of boiler feed water is crucial to prevent issues like scale formation and corrosion, and methods include external treatments like zeolite and lime soda, as well as internal conditioning techniques.

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