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Polo y Servicio: Forced Labor in Spain by Daphne Robles is a document available to read on EtoBox.

During Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines from 1521-1898: 1) All healthy males aged 16-60 were subjected to polo y servicio, wherein they were forced to provide labor to the government for 40 days per year building infrastructure like roads and bridges. This policy was intended to exploit Philippine resources and maintain Spanish control. 2) Those who could afford to pay a fee called falla were exempted from forced labor. Polistas (forced laborers) received little to no pay and had to provide their

Author
Daphne Robles
Language
EN