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Ideal Male Umbilicus: An Observational Study of Surface Anatomy and Introduction to the SHAPE Classification by Karissa A. Graham; Ryan J. Livingston is a Medicine article available to read on EtoBox.

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## Abstract ## Background The umbilicus is crucial to the aesthetic appearance of the abdomen. With abdominoplasty and umbilicoplasty, placement of the umbilicus is essential and often left at the surgeon’s discretion. This study aims to investigate the ideal male umbilical shape and location by examining photographs of top male models in 2019. ## Methods In this observational study, we examined 81 photographs of top male models to assess different ratios based on anatomical landmarks and umbilical appearance. ## Results The ratio of the distance from the xiphoid to the center of umbilicus (XU) and corresponding distance from center of umbilicus to abdominal crease (UC) had the most reliability (ratio XU/UC, with average measurement: 1.68 ± 0.38), which placed the male navel at a similar position but marginally below the average female umbilicus. Our findings revealed that an oval horizontal is the ideal umbilical shape in males, which differs from what is most aesthetically pleasing in females (oval vertical). In addition, we introduced the SHAPE (Shape, Hood, Adiposity, Protrusion & Position, External piercing) classification for navel appearance to better define the umbilicus an

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Author

Karissa A. Graham; Ryan J. Livingston

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Published

2022

Language

EN

Field

Medicine (Health Sciences)