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INTRODUCTION: Termination of protein synthesis occurs on the decades. The key difference between the two reaction schemes is ribosome in response to stop codons in mRNAs. This universal that the RF’s role in the catalysis of peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis lies process is mediated by dedicated proteins called release factors not in activating a water molecule, as was previously thought, but in (RFs) that decode the stop codons and promote hydrolysis and the inducing the C3ʹ-endo pucker of the A76 ribose, thereby activating release of the newly synthesized polypeptide chains off of the the A76 2ʹ-OH nucleophile and stabilizing the reaction intermediate. ribosome. This step is crucial to life by ensuring that all proteins The proposed reaction mechanism agrees with the extensive have lengths strictly defined by the corresponding genes.biochemical data showing that peptide release on the ribosome critically depends on the presence of the 2ʹ-OH group of nucleotide RATIONALE: Although stop codon recognition by RFs is well A76 of the peptidyl-tRNA substrate. Furthermore, our results show understood at both the structural and functional levels, the that the side chain of the glutamine residue of

Published

2025

Language

EN