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Moral frameworks of commercial surrogacy within the US, India and Russia by Smietana, Marcin (author);Rudrappa, Sharmila (author);Weis, Christina (author) is a Medicine article available to read on EtoBox.

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## Abstract In this paper, we draw on three ethnographic studies of surrogacy we carried out separately in different contexts: the western US state of California, the south Indian state of Karnataka, and the western Russian metropolis of St Petersburg. In our interviews with surrogate mothers, intended parents, and surrogacy professionals, we traced the meanings and ideologies through which they understood the clinical labour of surrogacy. We found that in the US, interviewed surrogates, intended parents and professionals understood surrogacy as an exchange of both gifts and commodities, where gift-giving, reciprocity, and relatedness between surrogates and intended parents were the major tropes. In India, differing narratives of surrogacy were offered by its different parties: whilst professionals and intended parents framed it as a win-win exchange with an emphasis on the economic side, the interviewed surrogate mothers talked about surrogacy as creative labour of giving life. In Russia, approaches to surrogacy among the interviewed surrogate mothers, professionals and intended parents overlapped in framing it as work and a businesslike commodity exchange. We suggest these three

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Author

Smietana, Marcin (author);Rudrappa, Sharmila (author);Weis, Christina (author)

Publisher

Informa UK Limited

Published

2021

Language

EN

Field

Medicine (Health Sciences)