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Vale Inco first began using shotcrete in the early 1970s as a thin mortar layer for water sealing and lighting improvements. Early attempts at using it for ground support failed due to inconsistent strength. In the 1980s, improvements to mixture designs and application methods led to wider adoption for underground construction. By the late 1980s, shotcrete was being used more extensively at Vale Inco mines for both construction and ground support, especially in seismically active areas or difficult ground c

Author

wjzabala

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EN