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Pathology of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-associated Disease: a Comparison with Multiple Sclerosis and Aquaporin 4 Antibody-positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders by Yoshiki Takai; Tatsuro Misu; Kazuo Fujihara; Masashi Aoki is a Medicine article available to read on EtoBox.

What is Pathology of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-associated Disease: a Comparison with Multiple Sclerosis and Aquaporin 4 Antibody-positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders about?

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is expressed on the outermost layer of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system. Recently, the clinical concept of MOG antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) was established based on the results of human MOG-transfected cell-based assays which can detect conformation-sensitive antibodies against MOG. In this review, we summarized the pathological findings of MOGAD and discussed the issues that remain unresolved. MOGAD pathology is principally inflammatory demyelination without astrocyte destruction, characterized by perivenous demyelination previously reported in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and by its fusion pattern localized in both the white and gray matter, but not by radially expanding confluent demyelination typically seen in multiple sclerosis (MS). Some of demyelinating lesions in MOGAD show severe loss of MOG staining compared with those of other myelin proteins, suggesting a MOG-targeted pathology in the disease. Perivascular cuffings mainly consist of macrophages and T cells with CD4-dominancy, which is also different from CD8+ T-cell-dominant inflammation in MS. Compared to aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibody-positive neurom

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Author

Yoshiki Takai; Tatsuro Misu; Kazuo Fujihara; Masashi Aoki

Publisher

Frontiers Media SA

Published

2023

Language

EN

Field

Medicine (Health Sciences)