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Chronic administration of codeine in male rabbits leads to testicular toxicity characterized by oxidative DNA damage and increased activities of nitric oxide, TNF-α, and caspase 3. The study found that codeine use resulted in testicular atrophy, hormonal suppression, and increased oxidative stress, contributing to apoptosis and loss of testicular function. These findings highlight the detrimental effects of codeine on male reproductive health and underscore the need for further investigation into opioid-ind
- Author
- manasmishra2111111
- Language
- EN