About this document

LOD Standards: A Critical Review by Lukman Hakim is a document available to read on EtoBox.

This paper critically reviews the Level of Development (LOD) concept in the construction industry, which is essential for defining the progression of information throughout design phases. It analyzes 58 LOD guidelines and 299 peer-reviewed publications to identify trends, common use cases, and misinterpretations among practitioners. The findings aim to unify LOD specifications and enhance communication among project participants to reduce risks and improve project outcomes.

Author

Lukman Hakim

Language

EN