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Immunomodulatory effects of Maxadilan and Phlebotomus papatasi sand fly salivary gland lysates on human primary in vitro immune responses by Kathleen A. Rogers; Richard G. Titus is a Medicine article available to read on EtoBox.

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## SUMMARY __Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease transmitted by the bite of__ Leishmania__‐infected sand flies. Here we show for the first time the ability of Maxadilan (Max), a vasodilatory peptide isolated from the sand fly__ Lutzomyia longipalpis__, and salivary gland lysate (SGL) from__ Phlebotomus papatasi __to decrease the secretion of Type 1 cytokines and to enhance the production of the Type 2 cytokine interleukin (IL)‐6 by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and monocytes. We found Max decreased the secretion of interferon (IFN)‐γ and IL‐12p40 by PBMC and TNF‐α by monocytes. SGL reduced the production of IFN‐γ by PBMC. In contrast, production of the Type 2 cytokine IL‐6 was increased in Max or SGL‐exposed cells. Finally, we determined that Max interacts with human cells through at least the pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide receptor. These results show that sand fly salivary gland components have an immunomodulatory effect on human cells, and this has important implications for the development of vaccines against leishmaniasis for humans.__

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Author

Kathleen A. Rogers; Richard G. Titus

Publisher

John Wiley and Sons; Wiley (Blackwell Publishing); Blackwell Publishing Inc.; Wiley; FASEB (ISSN 0141-9838)

Published

2003

Language

EN

Field

Medicine (Health Sciences)