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Formation of adsorption complexes in phase-transfer nucleophilic substitution. Kinetic analysis of solid-phase system by I. A. Esikova; S. S. Yufit is a Chemistry article available to read on EtoBox.

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## Abstract The kinetics of the nucleophilic substitution between n‐hexyl bromide and solid potassium chloride (KCl) in toluene were studied in the presence of catalytic amounts of tetra‐n‐butylammonium bromide at 84°C. This reaction is characterized by an induction period that disappears on activation of the solid salt. The substitution with the activated salt constitutes a reversible pseudo‐first‐order reaction with variable orders in the substrate and the catalyst equal to 0 ≤ n ≤ 1. A quantitative increase in the solid KCl at first accelerates the substitution reaction, but when the level reaches KCl/RBr ≥ 7 the rate constant is no longer influenced by the amount of salt. Comparing data obtained with kinetic equations for several possible substitution schemes, the mechanism of the reaction can be derived, including the formation of a ternary adsorption complex (TC) from the substrate, catalyst and solid salt. The data obtained allow the evaluation of the equilibrium constant of TC formation (__K__~Σ~= 20.48 l^2^ mol^−2^) and the rate constant of its disintegration into substitution products (__k__~+~ = 0.75 × 10^−2^ s^−1^). Through kinetic analysis the adsorption sequence on th

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Author

I. A. Esikova; S. S. Yufit

Publisher

John Wiley and Sons; Wiley (John Wiley & Sons); John Wiley & Sons Inc.; Wiley (ISSN 0894-3230)

Published

1991

Language

EN

Field

Chemistry (Physical Sciences)