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Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing in Diagnosis of a Case of Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in a Kidney Transplant Recipient and Literature Review by Jie Chen; Ting He; Xiujun Li; Xue Wang; Li Peng; Liang Ma is a Medicine article available to read on EtoBox.

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## Background Despite the increasing incidences of __Pneumocystis jirovecii__ pneumonia (PCP) in renal transplant recipients, diagnosis of PCP remains challenging due to its nonspecific clinical presentation and the inadequate performance of conventional diagnostic methods. There is a need for novel diagnostic methods. ## Case Presentation A 27-year-old woman developed acute pneumonia 4 months after renal transplantation. Blood tests revealed a low CD4 count, a normal 1,3-beta-D-glucan level and other changes typical of inflammatory responses. Chest imaging showed bilateral diffuse infiltrates. Microscopic examination of stained sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) smear specimens did not find __Pneumocystis__ organisms. There was also no evidence for other pathogens known to cause pneumonia in various antibody and culture tests. Direct metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) analysis of a BALF specimen identified a large number of __P. jirovecii__ reads, allowing to confirm the diagnosis of PCP. Following treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for two weeks, the patient was cured and discharged. ## Conclusion This case report supports the value of mNGS in dia

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Author

Jie Chen; Ting He; Xiujun Li; Xue Wang; Li Peng; Liang Ma

Publisher

Informa UK Limited

Published

2020

Language

EN

Field

Medicine (Health Sciences)