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The rise of military capital in Pakistan: Military neoliberalism, authoritarianism and urbanization by Ateeb Ahmed is a Social Sciences article available to read on EtoBox.

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This article develops the concept of military neoliberalism that allows us to trace the historical development of Pakistani military capital with the expansion of market-led reforms and its mode of operation in the urban domain. Military neoliberalism signifies the double role of the military; firstly, using authoritarianism, the military has extended neoliberal reforms in collaboration with local and foreign capitalist classes over the decades. Secondly, the military has expanded its reach and operations in the economy at a large scale, transitioning into a sovereign capitalist power that operates independently from the rest of the state apparatuses and utilizes its powers for economic, political, and territorial objectives. Such dynamics are leading to new class transformations and producing seismic shifts within the state apparatuses because, along with a revitalized capitalist class, a class of military capitalists has emerged in different sectors of the economy, most prominently in industrial production, urban real estate, and infrastructure development. The category of sovereign capitalist power gestures towards the twin dynamics; firstly, the military can use violence for it

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Author

Ateeb Ahmed

Publisher

Elsevier BV

Published

2023

Field

Social Sciences