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The Extreme Space Weather Event of 1872 February: Sunspots, Magnetic Disturbance, and Auroral Displays by Hayakawa, Hisashi; Cliver, Edward W.; Clette, Frédéric; Ebihara, Yusuke; Toriumi, Shin; Ermolli, Ilaria; Chatzistergos, Theodosios; Hattori, Kentaro; Knipp, Delores J.; Blake, Séan P.; Cauzzi, Gianna; Reardon, Kevin; Bourdin, Philippe-A.; Just, Dorothea; Vokhmyanin, Mikhail; Matsumoto, Keitaro; Miyoshi, Yoshizumi; Ribeiro, José R.; Correia, Ana P.; Willis, David M.; Wild, Matthew N.; Silverman, Sam M. is a scholarly article available to read on EtoBox.

What is The Extreme Space Weather Event of 1872 February: Sunspots, Magnetic Disturbance, and Auroral Displays about?

We review observations of solar activity, geomagnetic variation, and auroral visibility for the extreme geomagnetic storm on 1872 February 4. The extreme storm (referred to here as the Chapman-Silverman storm) apparently originated from a complex active region of moderate area (\approx 500 {\mu}sh) that was favorably situated near disk center (S19{\deg} E05{\deg}). There is circumstantial evidence for an eruption from this region at 9--10 UT on 1872 February 3, based on the location, complexity, and evolution of the region, and on reports of prominence activations, which yields a plausible transit time of \approx29 hr to Earth. Magnetograms show that the storm began with a sudden commencement at \approx14:27 UT and allow a minimum Dst estimate of {\pounds} -834 nT. Overhead aurorae were credibly reported at Jacobabad (British India) and Shanghai (China), both at 19{\deg}.9 in magnetic latitude (MLAT) and 24{\deg}. 2 in invariant latitude (ILAT). Auroral visibility was reported from 13 locations with MLAT below |20|{\deg} for the 1872 storm (ranging from |10{\deg}. 0|--|19{\deg}. 9| MLAT) versus one each for the 1859 storm (|17{\deg}. 3| MLAT) and the 1921 storm (|16.{\deg}2| MLAT).

Author

Hayakawa, Hisashi; Cliver, Edward W.; Clette, Frédéric; Ebihara, Yusuke; Toriumi, Shin; Ermolli, Ilaria; Chatzistergos, Theodosios; Hattori, Kentaro; Knipp, Delores J.; Blake, Séan P.; Cauzzi, Gianna; Reardon, Kevin; Bourdin, Philippe-A.; Just, Dorothea; Vokhmyanin, Mikhail; Matsumoto, Keitaro; Miyoshi, Yoshizumi; Ribeiro, José R.; Correia, Ana P.; Willis, David M.; Wild, Matthew N.; Silverman, Sam M.

Published

2024

Language

EN