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What is Heart Failure about?
Heart failure is a clinical syndrome caused by impaired ventricular filling or ejection, classified into HFrEF (EF ≤ 40%) and HFpEF (EF ≥ 50%). Diastolic function relies on factors such as pulmonary venous blood flow and left atrial function, while systolic function depends on preload, contractility, and afterload. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) and systolic dysfunction (LVSD) are influenced by age, ischemic heart disease, and hypertension, with treatment focusing on managing afterload and im
- Author
- Mohammed Mafraji
- Language
- EN