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Balat Al-Shuhada: Battle Analysis 732 C.E. by fateyn aimi is a document available to read on EtoBox.
In 652, 20 years after Muhammad died, the first Muslims arrived in Europe. They were not missionaries or traders but essentially a band of pirates led by Mu`āwiyah ibn Hudayj from Syria. They arrived in Sicily and remained several years before leaving, loaded with booty. The first permanent Islamic presence in Europe made landfall in Gibraltar on 30th April 711, 79 years after Muhammad’s death. General Tariq ibn Ziyad crossed over from Morocco with a largely Berber army and it took him only nine
- Author
- fateyn aimi
- Language
- EN