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This study evaluated the effectiveness of breathing exercises in reducing pain perception and state anxiety among primiparous women (women experiencing their first birth) during the active phase of labor. 118 primiparous women in the labor and delivery unit of a university hospital in Egypt were divided into two groups - an intervention group that performed breathing exercises during active labor and a control group that received standard care without breathing exercises. Pain perception was measured using

Author
Putra Sp
Language
EN

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