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Differential risks to males and females for congenital malformations among 2.5 million California births, 1989–1997 by Gary M. Shaw; Suzan L. Carmichael; Zhanna Kaidarova; John A. Harris is a Medicine article available to read on EtoBox.

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## Abstract ## BACKGROUND Although many studies have observed variations in the prevalence of specific malformations by sex, there is a lack of population‐based data on potential malformation prevalence differences by sex at birth. ## METHODS Our objective was to explore differences in the prevalence of structural congenital malformation phenotypes between sexes in a California population of 2.5 million live‐ and stillbirths, using data from a population‐based active surveillance system. Ascertainment was performed among offspring of California women who delivered in nonmilitary hospitals during the period of 1989–1997. Malformations were grouped according to the four‐digit malformation codes of the British Pediatric Association. ## RESULTS Overall, 32,619 males and 21,835 females were considered to have structural congenital malformations, with prevalences of 2.52% and 1.76%, respectively. Thus, males demonstrated a malformation prevalence that was 22% higher than that in females. Using a criterion of a 40% increase or decrease in the relative risk for males, increased risks for 15 and decreased risks for 17 specific malformation categories were observed. Increased risks were asso

Who reads Differential risks to males and females for congenital malformations among 2.5 million California births, 1989–1997?

Author

Gary M. Shaw; Suzan L. Carmichael; Zhanna Kaidarova; John A. Harris

Publisher

John Wiley and Sons; Wiley (John Wiley & Sons); John Wiley & Sons Inc.; Wiley (ISSN 1542-0752)

Published

2003

Language

EN

Field

Medicine (Health Sciences)