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This study compared the effects of three orthodontic retainers - a fixed lingual retainer, removable vacuum-formed retainer, and Hawley retainer - on periodontal status and salivary levels of bacteria in 45 patients after orthodontic treatment. Periodontal measurements and saliva samples were taken at various time points. The study found no significant differences between the three retainer types in terms of periodontal health or bacterial levels over time. All periodontal parameters and bacterial levels im

Author

Hamza Gaaloul

Language

EN