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What is Identification of Paper Directions about?
This document describes methods for identifying the machine and cross directions of paper and board. It outlines two non-destructive test methods - surface inspection of fiber orientation and measuring tensile stiffness via ultrasound speed. It also describes four destructive test methods - a stiffness test, tensile test, tear test, and bursting test. The machine direction is identified as the direction with higher tensile strength, stiffness, or ultrasound speed of propagation compared to the cross directi
- Author
- Meera Patel
- Language
- EN