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Toward a Classification of Lotic Habitats by Robert W. Pennak is a Environmental Science article available to read on EtoBox.

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## Introduction Many criteria have been proposed for classifying standing waters . Some typological systems are widely accepted ; others are of limited usefulness . The classification systems for lotic habitats, however, are more varied, uncertain, and unreliable . Few have had anything more than local acceptance . ILLIES & BOTOSANEANU (1963) have briefly reviewed the widely scattered literature bearing on classification of lotic habitats, and this literature will therefore not be reviewed in the present paper. ILLIES & BOTOSANEANU point out the several basic kinds of classification systems . At one extreme are those proposals which utilize a single chemical factor to classify running waters, e .g . OHLE (1937) who uses the calcium content of the water . Among physical measurements, substrate composition has been most frequently used, especially by fisheries biologists and aquatic insect ecologists . Many authors, working in restricted areas, subdivide flowages, from headwaters to mouth, on the basis of the longitudinal distribution of various invertebrate indicator species within a single large taxon, such as Trichoptera, Plecoptera, and Ephemeroptera . Such zonation classificatio

Who reads Toward a Classification of Lotic Habitats?

Author

Robert W. Pennak

Publisher

Springer; Springer-Verlag; Springer (Kluwer Academic Publishers); Kluwer Academic Publishers; Springer Science and Business Media LLC (ISSN 1573-5141)

Published

1971

Language

EN

Field

Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)