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Turbulent Relaxation to Equilibrium in a Two-dimensional Quantum Vortex Gas by Reeves, Matthew T.; Goddard-Lee, Kwan; Gauthier, Guillaume; Stockdale, Oliver R.; Salman, Hayder; Edmonds, Timothy; Yu, Xiaoquan; Bradley, Ashton S.; Baker, Mark; Rubinsztein-Dunlop, Halina; Davis, Matthew J.; Neely, Tyler W. is a scholarly article available to read on EtoBox.

What is Turbulent Relaxation to Equilibrium in a Two-dimensional Quantum Vortex Gas about?

We experimentally study emergence of microcanonical equilibrium states in the turbulent relaxation dynamics of a two-dimensional chiral vortex gas. Same-sign vortices are injected into a quasi-two-dimensional disk-shaped atomic Bose-Einstein condensate using a range of mechanical stirring protocols. The resulting long-time vortex distributions are found to be in excellent agreement with the meanfield Poisson-Boltzmann equation for the system describing the microcanonical ensemble at fixed energy $\cal{H}$ and angular momentum $\cal{M}$. The equilibrium states are characterized by the corresponding thermodynamic variables of inverse temperature $\hat{\beta}$ and rotation frequency $\hat{\omega}$. We are able to realize equilibria spanning the full phase diagram of the vortex gas, including on-axis states near zero-temperature, infinite temperature, and negative absolute temperatures. At sufficiently high energies the system exhibits a symmetry-breaking transition, resulting in an off-axis equilibrium phase at negative absolute temperature that no longer shares the symmetry of the container. We introduce a point-vortex model with phenomenological damping and noise that is able to qua

Author

Reeves, Matthew T.; Goddard-Lee, Kwan; Gauthier, Guillaume; Stockdale, Oliver R.; Salman, Hayder; Edmonds, Timothy; Yu, Xiaoquan; Bradley, Ashton S.; Baker, Mark; Rubinsztein-Dunlop, Halina; Davis, Matthew J.; Neely, Tyler W.

Published

2020

Language

EN