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This document summarizes the growing conflict between Pope Boniface VIII and the powerful monarchs of France and England, Philip IV and Edward I. While Pope Boniface aimed to curb the developing absolutism of these kings and maintain the authority of the Catholic Church, his confrontational language and harsh punishments escalated tensions. This came to a head in disputes over taxes on church lands and in the excommunication of the influential Colonna family in Rome after they seized papal treasures and dec

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