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A Kinematic Analysis of a Haptic Handheld Stylus in a Virtual Environment: a Study in Healthy Subjects by Jurgen Broeren; Katharina S Sunnerhagen; Martin Rydmark is a Medicine article available to read on EtoBox.

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## Background Virtual Reality provides new options for conducting motor assessment and training within computer-generated 3 dimensional environments. To date very little has been reported about normal performance in virtual environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the test-retest reliability of a clinical procedure measuring trajectories with a haptic handheld stylus in a virtual environment and to establish normative data in healthy subjects using this haptic device. ## Methods Fifty-eight normal subjects; aged from 20 to 69, performed 3 dimensional hand movements in a virtual environment using a haptic device on three occasions within one week. Test-retest stability and standardized normative data were obtained for all subjects. ## Results No difference was found between test and retest. The limits of agreement revealed that changes in an individual's performance could not be detected. There was a training effect between the first test occasion and the third test occasion. Normative data are presented. ## Conclusion A new test was developed for recording the kinematics of the handheld haptic stylus in a virtual environment. The normative data will be used for pur

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Author

Jurgen Broeren; Katharina S Sunnerhagen; Martin Rydmark

Publisher

BioMed Central; Springer (Biomed Central Ltd.); [London]: BioMed Central, 2004-; Springer Science and Business Media LLC; Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration Inc. (ISSN 1743-0003)

Published

2007

Language

EN

Field

Medicine (Health Sciences)