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What is Ion Channels and Channelopathies about?

Ion channels are the basic elements regulating activity and communication in the nervous system. They consist of several subunits forming a central pore and are subdivided on the basis of their ion selectivity, gating mechanisms, and kinetics of activation and inactivation. Ion channels form part of macromolecular complexes restricted to specific membrane domains via interactions with scaffold proteins, lipid rafts, and actin cytoskeleton. The selective expression and distribution of ion channels define the electrophysiological properties of the neurons, their axons, and muscle cells. The interactions among different types of sodium, calcium, and potassium channels determine cell excitability, firing pattern and conduction of the action potential, and probability of neurotransmitter release at presynaptic terminals. Central nervous system channelopathies manifest with epilepsy, episodic ataxia, paroxysmal movement disorders, or hemiplegic migraine, frequently in several combinations. Peripheral channelopathies produce myotonia, periodic paralysis, myasthenic syndrome, paroxysmal pain disorders, or congenital insensitivity to pain.

Author

Eduardo E. Benarroch

Publisher

Oxford University Press

Published

2021

Language

EN