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Symbiosis is defined as a specific association between two organisms involving physical contact, where one organism (the symbiont) lives on or within another (the host). This relationship can vary in nature, encompassing mutualism, parasitism, or commensalism, and does not imply any particular functional significance. Syntrophic interactions, where different bacterial species engage in complementary energy metabolism, exemplify mutualism without direct attachment but require close physical proximity.

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jose

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EN