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This document discusses the urban transformation of Bursa, Turkey in the 19th century under the impacts of Ottoman Tanzimat reforms. It notes that Bursa had been an important religious, cultural and commercial center for centuries as the first capital of the Ottoman Empire. In the early 19th century, Bursa still retained many of its traditional urban features. However, the Tanzimat reforms beginning in the 1840s aimed to modernize Ottoman cities based on Western models. This led to new factory districts eme

Author

Meysam Soleimani

Language

EN