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Synthesis, Characterization, and Direct Aqueous Superoxide Anion Scavenging of a Highly Water-dispersible Astaxanthin-amino Acid Conjugate by Henry L Jackson; Arturo J Cardounel; Jay L Zweier; Samuel F Lockwood is a Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology article available to read on EtoBox.

What is Synthesis, Characterization, and Direct Aqueous Superoxide Anion Scavenging of a Highly Water-dispersible Astaxanthin-amino Acid Conjugate about?

The aqueous solubility and/or dispersibility of synthetic carotenoid analogs can be improved by varying the chemical structure(s) of the esterified moieties. In the current study, a highly water-dispersible astaxanthin (3,3 0 -dihydroxy-b,b-carotene-4,4 0dione) derivative was synthesized by esterification to the amino acid L L -lysine, and subsequently converted to the tetrahydrochloride salt. Deep violet, evenly colored aqueous suspensions were obtained with addition of the novel derivative to USP purified water up to a maximum of 181.6 mg/mL. These aqueous suspensions were obtained without the addition of heat, detergents, co-solvents, or other additives. At higher concentrations (above 181.6 mg/mL), the dispersion became turbid and viscous. There was no saturation point up to 181.6 mg/mL. The direct superoxide scavenging ability of the tetrahydrochloride dilysine astaxanthin salt was also evaluated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in a well-characterized in vitro isolated human neutrophil assay. The novel derivative was an extremely potent (micromolar concentration) aqueous-phase scavenger, with near-complete suppression of the superoxide anion signal (as de

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Author

Henry L Jackson; Arturo J Cardounel; Jay L Zweier; Samuel F Lockwood

Publisher

Elsevier Science; Elsevier ; Elsevier Ltd.; Elsevier BV (ISSN 0960-894X)

Published

2004

Language

EN

Field

Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)