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What is Chapter Nineteen. Reflections on a Reverse Image: South Korea under Park Chung Hee and the Philippines under Ferdinand Marcos about?

P ark Chung Hee and Ferdinand Marcos were both born in 1917, came of age while their respective countries were under colonial rule, emerged as national leaders in the 1960s, and proclaimed martial law at virtually the same time in late 1972. The countries they ruled each had deep historical and economic ties with the United States and Japan, and in the postwar years both South Korea and the Philippines hosted major U.S. military bases and were strongly aligned with the West. In declaring martial law, the incumbent presidents claimed that harsh measures were necessary to defend against a range of challenges and promote democratic foundations appropriate to national circumstances. Although both men enjoyed a strong base of power, they at the same time feared popular electoral rivals, made constitutional changes ensuring their continuance in office, and carried out horrific repression against movements of political opposition. The two authoritarian regimes were based on a high concentration of personal authority and power, with a relatively weak role for the ruling political party in each country.Despite these striking similarities, the regimes of these two leaders produced huge contr

Publisher

Harvard University Press

Published

2011

Language

EN