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Freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: pathophysiology, risk factors and treatments by Gao, Chao; Liu, Jun; Tan, Yuyan; Chen, Shengdi is a Medicine article available to read on EtoBox.

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## Background Freezing of gait (FOG) is a common, disabling symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the mechanisms and treatments of FOG remain great challenges for clinicians and researchers. The main focus of this review is to summarize the possible mechanisms underlying FOG, the risk factors for screening and predicting the onset of FOG, and the clinical trials involving various therapeutic strategies. In addition, the limitations and recommendations for future research design are also discussed. ## Main body In the mechanism section, we briefly introduced the physiological process of gait control and hypotheses about the mechanism of FOG. In the risk factor section, gait disorders, PIGD phenotype, lower striatal DAT uptake were found to be independent risk factors of FOG with consistent evidence. In the treatment section, we summarized the clinical trials of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. Despite the limited effectiveness of current medications for FOG, especially levodopa resistant FOG, there were some drugs that showed promise such as istradefylline and rasagiline. Non-pharmacological treatments encompass invasive brain and spinal cord stimulation, nonin

Who reads Freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: pathophysiology, risk factors and treatments?

Author

Gao, Chao; Liu, Jun; Tan, Yuyan; Chen, Shengdi

Publisher

BioMed Central; Springer (Biomed Central Ltd.); London: BioMed Central; Springer Science and Business Media LLC (ISSN 2047-9158)

Published

2020

Language

EN

ISBN

9784003502006

Field

Medicine (Health Sciences)