About this document
Peri Implant Parameters, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, and Interleukin 1 Beta Levels in Vaping Individuals by Bagis Emre Gul is a document available to read on EtoBox.
The study aimed to compare clinical peri-implant parameters, radiographic bone loss, and levels of proinflammatory cytokines among individuals vaping e-cigarettes and never smokers. It found that individuals vaping e-cigarettes had higher bleeding, probing depths over 4mm, bone loss, and levels of TNF-α and IL-1β compared to never smokers, suggesting greater local inflammation with vaping.
- Author
- Bagis Emre Gul
- Language
- EN