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Chemical Composition of Formation Water in Shale and Tight Reservoirs: A Basin‐Scale Perspective by Yousif Kharaka; Kathleen Gans; Elisabeth Rowan; James Thordsen; Christopher Conaway; Madalyn Blondes; Mark Engle is a book available to read on EtoBox.

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Pore waters comprise ~20% by volume of most sedimentary basins. Petroleum reservoirs are generally present below the zone of shallow meteoric groundwater circulation, and have in situ temperatures of ~20 °C to more than 150 °C and fluid pressures of about 100 to more than 1000 bar. The salinity of pore waters in petroleum reservoir rocks, including shale and other low permeability reservoirs (the unconventional sources of oil and natural gas), varies widely from ~1000 mg/L to over 400,000 mg/L total dissolved solids (TDS). Salinities higher than ~100,000 mg/L TDS are generally present in basins with salt domes or bedded evaporites, such as the Northern Gulf of Mexico, the Michigan, and the Williston Basins (see Kharaka and Hanor, 2014, for a recent review and many references). Salinities in sedimentary basins generally increase with depth, but the rate of increase is highly variable and variations can be large in formation waters from different areas of the same basin or subbasin and even in waters from the same petroleum field. Where evaporites are absent and thick shale beds are present in the geologic section, such as the Central Valley, California, and the southern Louisiana an

Author

Yousif Kharaka; Kathleen Gans; Elisabeth Rowan; James Thordsen; Christopher Conaway; Madalyn Blondes; Mark Engle

Publisher

John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ; American Geophysical Union

Published

2019

Language

EN

ISBN

9781119066682

Subjects

Science, Chemistry, Stem