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This document summarizes the complex buffering and neutralization chemistry of bauxite residue, which remains poorly understood despite over 120 years of industrial production. The high alkalinity of residue, with a pH typically around 11.3, is why it is classified as hazardous and unable to support plant life. The pH is highly buffered by alkaline solids formed during the Bayer process. Understanding how surface charge develops and changes with acid inputs is key to neutralizing residue and enabling condit

Author

timmychow012332

Language

EN